T1648

Description from ATT&CK

Adversaries may abuse serverless computing, integration, and automation services to execute arbitrary code in cloud environments. Many cloud providers offer a variety of serverless resources, including compute engines, application integration services, and web servers.

Adversaries may abuse these resources in various ways as a means of executing arbitrary commands. For example, adversaries may use serverless functions to execute malicious code, such as crypto-mining malware (i.e. Resource Hijacking).(Citation: Cado Security Denonia) Adversaries may also create functions that enable further compromise of the cloud environment. For example, an adversary may use the IAM:PassRole permission in AWS or the iam.serviceAccounts.actAs permission in Google Cloud to add Additional Cloud Roles to a serverless cloud function, which may then be able to perform actions the original user cannot.(Citation: Rhino Security Labs AWS Privilege Escalation)(Citation: Rhingo Security Labs GCP Privilege Escalation)

Serverless functions can also be invoked in response to cloud events (i.e. Event Triggered Execution), potentially enabling persistent execution over time. For example, in AWS environments, an adversary may create a Lambda function that automatically adds Additional Cloud Credentials to a user and a corresponding CloudWatch events rule that invokes that function whenever a new user is created.(Citation: Backdooring an AWS account) This is also possible in many cloud-based office application suites. For example, in Microsoft 365 environments, an adversary may create a Power Automate workflow that forwards all emails a user receives or creates anonymous sharing links whenever a user is granted access to a document in SharePoint.(Citation: Varonis Power Automate Data Exfiltration)(Citation: Microsoft DART Case Report 001) In Google Workspace environments, they may instead create an Apps Script that exfiltrates a user's data when they open a file.(Citation: Cloud Hack Tricks GWS Apps Script)(Citation: OWN-CERT Google App Script 2024)

Atomic Tests

• Atomic Test #1 - Lambda Function Hijack

Atomic Test #1 - Lambda Function Hijack

Modify an existing Lambda function to execute arbitrary code.

Supported Platforms: Iaas:aws

auto_generated_guid: 87a4a141-c2bb-49d1-a604-8679082d8b91

Inputs:

Attack Commands: Run with powershell!

Import-Module "PathToAtomicsFolder/T1648/src/T1648-1/LambdaAttack.ps1" -Force
$access_key = "#{access_key}"
$secret_key = "#{secret_key}"
$session_token = "#{session_token}"
$aws_profile = "#{profile}"
$region = "#{region}"
Set-AWSAuthentication -AccessKey $access_key -SecretKey $secret_key -SessionToken $session_token -AWSProfile $aws_profile -AWSRegion $region
Invoke-Terraform -TerraformCommand init -TerraformDirectory "PathToAtomicsFolder/T1648/src/T1648-1"
Invoke-Terraform -TerraformCommand apply -TerraformDirectory "PathToAtomicsFolder/T1648/src/T1648-1" -TerraformVariables @("profile=T1648-1", "region=$region")
Invoke-LambdaAttack -AWSProfile "T1648-1" -AWSRegion $region

Cleanup Commands:

Import-Module "PathToAtomicsFolder/T1648/src/T1648-1/LambdaAttack.ps1" -Force
$access_key = "#{access_key}"
$secret_key = "#{secret_key}"
$session_token = "#{session_token}"
$aws_profile = "#{profile}"
$region = "#{region}"
Set-AWSAuthentication -AccessKey $access_key -SecretKey $secret_key -SessionToken $session_token -AWSProfile $aws_profile -AWSRegion $region
Invoke-Terraform -TerraformCommand destroy -TerraformDirectory "PathToAtomicsFolder/T1648/src/T1648-1" -TerraformVariables @("profile=T1648-1", "region=$region")
Remove-MaliciousUser -AWSProfile "T1648-1"
Remove-TFFiles -Path "PathToAtomicsFolder/T1648/src/T1648-1/"

Dependencies: Run with powershell!

Description: The AWS PowerShell module must be installed.

Check Prereq Commands:

try {if (Get-InstalledModule -Name AWSPowerShell -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {exit 0} else {exit 1}} catch {exit 1}

Get Prereq Commands:

Install-Module -Name AWSPowerShell -Force

Description: Terraform must be installed.

Check Prereq Commands:

terraform --version

Get Prereq Commands:

Write-Host "Terraform is required. Download it from https://www.terraform.io/downloads.html"