T1652

Description from ATT&CK

Adversaries may attempt to enumerate local device drivers on a victim host. Information about device drivers may highlight various insights that shape follow-on behaviors, such as the function/purpose of the host, present security tools (i.e. Security Software Discovery) or other defenses (e.g., Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion), as well as potential exploitable vulnerabilities (e.g., Exploitation for Privilege Escalation).

Many OS utilities may provide information about local device drivers, such as driverquery.exe and the EnumDeviceDrivers() API function on Windows.(Citation: Microsoft Driverquery)(Citation: Microsoft EnumDeviceDrivers) Information about device drivers (as well as associated services, i.e., System Service Discovery) may also be available in the Registry.(Citation: Microsoft Registry Drivers)

On Linux/macOS, device drivers (in the form of kernel modules) may be visible within /dev or using utilities such as lsmod and modinfo.(Citation: Linux Kernel Programming)(Citation: lsmod man)(Citation: modinfo man)

Source

Atomic Tests

• Atomic Test #1: Device Driver Discovery
• Atomic Test #2: Device Driver Discovery (Linux)
• Atomic Test #3: Enumerate Kernel Driver Files (Linux)
• Atomic Test #4: List loaded kernel extensions (macOS)
• Atomic Test #5: Find Kernel Extensions (macOS)

Atomic Test #1: Device Driver Discovery

Displays a list of installed device drivers on the local computer and their properties. Threat actors use this command to enumerate the existing drivers on the computer. Parameters: /v /fo list - Displays verbose output in a list format - the /v parameter is not valid for signed drivers /si /fo list - Provides information about signed drivers and outputs it in a list format

Supported Platforms: Windows

auto_generated_guid: 235b30a2-e5b1-441f-9705-be6231c88ddd

Attack Commands: Run with powershell!

driverquery /v /fo list
driverquery /si /fo list

Atomic Test #2: Device Driver Discovery (Linux)

Displays a list of loaded kernel modules on a Linux system, which is used to enumerate drivers.

Supported Platforms: Linux

auto_generated_guid: d57dfc9e-ed9a-418e-88f8-b59c85f8cfd1

Attack Commands: Run with bash!

lsmod

Atomic Test #3: Enumerate Kernel Driver Files (Linux)

Finds and lists all kernel driver files on a Linux system in order to provide a broader view of available drivers, not just loaded ones.

Supported Platforms: Linux

auto_generated_guid: 13c0fef5-9be9-4d7f-9c6b-901624e53770

Attack Commands: Run with bash!

find /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers -name "*.ko*"

Atomic Test #4: List loaded kernel extensions (macOS)

Displays a list of loaded kernel extensions (kexts) on a macOS system.

Supported Platforms: macOS

auto_generated_guid: 71eab73d-5d7d-4681-9a72-7873489a5b85

Attack Commands: Run with bash!

kextstat

Atomic Test #5: Find Kernel Extensions (macOS)

Searches for kernel extension (kext) files on a macOS system.

Supported Platforms: macOS

auto_generated_guid: c63bbe52-6f17-4832-b221-f07ba8b1736f

Attack Commands: Run with bash!

kextfind

Atomic test(s) for this technique last updated: 2025-12-13 04:55:41 UTC